Ethical Dilemma And Ethical Dilemmas Essay - 2358 Words

Introduction The health workers are always confronted by the ethical dilemma in the process of performing their duties and responsibilities. An ethical dilemma occurs in the situation an individual makes a decision on the course of action that is best for him or her. It also occurs in the situation there are different courses of actions the person should choose from. An ethical dilemma is defined as the situation in which a person has two options to choose from, and both are morally correct but in conflict. An ethical dilemma can lead to extremely complex and challenging choice. For instance paramedic and a register nurse might be faced with the options of whether to continue treating the terminally ill patient as per the request of the family members which may cause the patient to suffer or to withhold the treatment and allow nature to take its course on the health of the patient. Respecting the request of the family members and perform what is good for the patient are both acceptable professionally and ethical. The choice as to which course of action is best to take is very personal and moral (Natale, 2012). In the case study, the stakeholders are Elsie, family members of Elsie, Paramedic, and RAC facility and register nurse. The interested parties in the case scenario have the interest in whatever transpired in the health facility. For instance, Elsie had informed her family members that she did not require aggressive treatment and did not want to be resuscitated similarShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreEthical Dilemma Assignment1766 Words   |  8 PagesCONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i)Read MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreCase Analysis : Ethical Dilemma1318 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Paper: Ethical Dilemma One INTRODUCTION Mrs. Smith, is an 81-year-old widow. She has been widowed for over twenty years. She has been very independent with some assistance from neighbors due to her son living out of the area and unable to assist. Recently, she has had issues with her independence. She has set two accidental fires that caused damages to her apartment, as well as had a recent fall in the bathtub. These issues have gained her son’s attention which has led him to requestRead MoreEthical Dilemma Case Study842 Words   |  4 PagesAn ethical dilemma is a situation by which its difficult to determine whether a situation is can be handled without disappointing both sides. Therefore, an ethical dilemma exists when the right thing to do is clear or when members of the healthcare team cannot agree on the right thing to do. Ethical dilemmas require negotiation of different points of view (potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall 2011pg 78). The case study briefly explains a situation between daughter and father regarding the fathersRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of whichRead Moret Types of ethical dilemmas Mastery67Questions123Materials Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesTypes of ethical dilemmas Mastery 67% Questions 1 2 3 Materials on the concept: Typical Moral Dilemmas Confronting Business Communicators Ethics and Law for Management Communication Top of Form 1. As part of an effort to hire younger workers, a multinational organization assures applicants that they will get to visit its offices in other countries and work with the employees there. However, only two out of every nine workers actually get selected for such projects. What moral dilemma best fitsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be boughtRead More Will the Real Lupe Garza Please Stand Up? Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAn ethical dilemma is defined as a moral issue, where a situation has two equivalent undesirable alternatives and neither choice will resolve the ethical predicament. Lupe Garza, mother of two children, is a temporary employee at a plant. Garza is an excellent and talented worker, and supervisors have taken notice in her skills. A human resource specialist named Sara Jones, mislead Garza in thinking she would unquestionably obtain a permanent job position at the plant, causing Garza to turn downRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Respect For Autonomy984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe nurse to administer blood despite Mark’s refusal. This situation presents an ethical dilemma to the health professionals involved in Mark’s care. The ethical dilemma is whether to uphold his decision not to receive the blood and therefore risk his life or give him the blood to save his life despite knowing his religious status and beliefs. There are several ethical principles involved in this scenario. The ethical principles of respect for Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Veracity and Fidelity

The Rise of Christianity vs. the Rise of Islam - 740 Words

The Rise of Christianity vs. the Rise of Islam The rise of Christianity and Islam happened during a turbulent time in history, when major civilizations like the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire were in decline due to political infighting, disease, and outside barbarians constantly applying pressure. Christianity was adopted in the heart of the Roman Empire, as a way to continue the influence of Rome, while not being able to control all of Europe militarily. (Rise of Christianity, 2012) Therefore, early Christianity, as adopted by Rome, was about maintaining influence in the continent through the use of priests and monarchs under a feudalist system of control. The main benefit of Christianity came from its use of Latin and the Bible, a common language across the old Roman Empire, as well as a new technology in books that enabled priests to record extremely deep and convincing stories in an easily index able format. The Roman pagan religion used tablets for its mode of communication , tablets which could not hold very much information at all, and that lost legitimacy compared to the life of Jesus and the depth of the biblical writing style. Christianity rose during an age of danger in Europe, and the feudal system with knights and castles was simply the most beneficial system of governance that humanity had. (Stark, 1996) Likewise, Mohammad and the followers of Islam used a similar method to create the Quran. The entire Quran read like a poem, and could be memorized byShow MoreRelatedThe Nation Of Islam And African Americans949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nation of Islam was founded by Wali Farad in Detroit, Michigan in 1930. While Farad is credited with the foundation, most of the teachings came from a different movement. It evolved from the Moorish Temple of Science founded by Timothy Drew (Source 1). Drew preached that Islam was the correct faith for African Americans. 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CHAPTER 4 TERMINOLOGY Free Essays

CHAPTER 4 1) TERMINOLOGY Microcredit| The granting of credit, often without collateral, to low-income individuals or entrepreneurs. Microcredit also refers to microloan| Group lending| Group of individuals provide collateral for loans to members of that group through a group repayment pledge| Collateral| Asset pledge by a borrower to secure a loan| ROSCAs| Rotating savings and credit associations (Stokvel)Associations formed by a group of participants who agree to make regular contributions to a fund. The fund is given in part or in total to each contributor| Micro savings| Deposit services that allow low-income individuals to accumulate small amounts of money for future use. We will write a custom essay sample on CHAPTER 4 TERMINOLOGY or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often without a minimum balance| Micro insurance| Provision of insurance to low-income households| NASASA| National Stokvel Association of South Africa| SACCOL| Savings and Credit Cooperative League| SAMAF| South African Microfinance Apex Fund| 2) Motives behind savings decisions Insurance against disability, illness, sudden income losses * Protection against uneven income streams due to seasonal variations * Wealth accumulation to finance a household’s long term goals such as acquiring productive assets like land or housing, or consumer durables refrigerators * Savings for future investments and retirements 3) MEMBER-BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES * Stokvel * Cooperative financial institutions * Cooperative banks * Friendly societies * Mutual banks 4) STOKVEL A Stokvel is a group or association of individuals who make regular contributions to a pool of savings or common fund. Generally on a weekly, fortnightly or monthly. In many stokvels the pool is given total or in part to each contributor on a strictly rotational basis. 4. 1 FEATURES OF STOKVEL * The arrangement between the members of a stokvel is rarely formalized in a written agreement * Stokvel is directed by the common bond that exists between members * Strong social motives to participate The key economic reason for participation is to accumulate cash and obtain credit * Members of as stokvel who receive the pool of funds early in the stokvel cycle are in the position of borrowers * Members receiving the pool at a late stage of the cycle lenders 4. 2 TYPES OF STOKVEL * TRADISIONAL STOKVEL: Earliest form of stokvel and are general savings clubs that rotate pooled funds to members on a mutual agreed basis BURIAL SOCIETIES: Is established to assist members with funeral cost. Formed between people with a common bond such as same church. * INVESTMENT STOKVEL: save or bank the pool of savings with the objective of carrying out capital projects or investing in a business venture. Members are generally more affluent and make higher contributions 4. 3 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK According to the common bond exemption notice could be formal or informal rotating scheme , with social or economic functions * mutual support to each other towards the attainment of specific objectives * establishes a continuous pool of capital by raising funds with the subscription of its members * grant credit to and on behalf of the members * provide for members to share in profit and nominated management * relies on self-imposed regulation to protect the interest of the members The conditions applicable to stokvel Purpose of self-regulation, a stokvel must be a member of or affiliated to the NASASA * Must not allow a member at any time to withdraw his/her contribution * Benefits of t he members of the stokvel shall not be provided exclusively by ways of loans * Must keep accounting records that reflect the state of affairs * Must produce annual financial statements within 120 days of its financial year end * If the subscription from members is less than R3 million a report by an accountant and auditor is not required ) COOPERATIVE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION A association of persons who are united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise. The values are self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and solidarity. Cooperative members believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others Cooperative financial institutions are offering banking related services to their members. They accept savings from their members and in turn provide them with credit facilities 5. 1 PRINCIPLES * voluntary and open membership and non-discriminatory membership * democratic member control * member economic participation * autonomy, independence, self-help organisation * education and training for cooperative members * elected representative * information provision to the pubic * cooperation among cooperatives to strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national regional and international structures * concern for community The also adopt additional principles because they are operating as financial intermediaries * mutual aid * margin management * risk management 5. 2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK According to the common bond exemption notice * Have a similar occupation or profession or common employer * Have a common membership in an association. Religious, social, cooperative, labour or educational group * Reside in the same defined community or district Conditions applicable to savings and credit cooperative Must be a member of SACCOL * Rules must not allow a member to withdraw his or her contribution at any time * Benefits must not be provided exclusively by way of loans that must be repaid * Must keep accounting records that reflect the state of affairs and business * Must produce annual financial statements within 120 days of the end of financial years * If the subscription from members is less than R3 million a report by an accountant and auditor is not required The COOPERATIVE FINANCIAL INSTITUTION are exempted from the Bank Act if they follow the conditions * Activities of financial services must be performed solely in respect of its members * Members must be of a defined geographical area. * They may not refer to itself as a bank * They may not hold deposits from members of more than 20 million * Must comply to the Cooperative Act They must submit itself to the supervision and regulations of the SAMAF * They must register as a Credit provider with the National credit Act 6) COOPERATIVE BANKS Cooperative banks: provide its members with a range of banking and financial services. The members are at the same time the owners and the customers of the bank. 6. 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF COOPERATIVE BANK * are of similar occupation or profession * are employed by a common employer * are employed within the same business district have common membership in an association or organization, including a business professional, religious, social or educational group * reside within the same defined community or geographical area 6. 2 FEATURES OF COOPERATIVE BANKS * Cooperative banks are customer-owned entities * Cooperative banks are under democratic member control * Cooperative banks allocate net profit to members * Cooperative banks are deeply rooted in their communities 6. 3 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK All Cooperative banks and cooperative financial institutions must be registered with the registrar of cooperative * Cooperative banks that have 200 members or more and that hold members deposits in excess of R20 million must be supervised by the Supervisor of Cooperative banks appointed by the SARB * Cooperative banks that have 200 members or more and that hold members deposits in excess of R1 million but less than R20 million must be supervised by the Supervisor of Cooperative banks appointed by the CBDA * Savings and credit cooperatives with 200 or less members and member deposits less than R1 million are supervised by SACCOL * Fin ancial service cooperative with 200 or fewer members and member deposits of less than R1 million are supervised by SAMAF 7) FRIENDLY SOCIETIES Also known as mutual aid societies are mutual assistance; the members share a common bond and are the owners of the society 7. 1 SERVICES INCLUDED * Providing relief during minority, old age, widowhood and sickness * Granting annuities and endowments * Payments on the birth of a child or death of family members * Payments of funeral expenses * Insurance of tools used in members trade * Financial assistance on resignation or dismissal * Unemployment relief * Provision of funds for education or training 7. 2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK May offer relief in old age but may not provide retirement benefits * They are permitted to grant annuities, but the amount of the premium for which an annuity is provided may not exceed R5000 per member * They may offer long-term policies, including death, funeral , life, health and endowment policies, but th e value of policy benefits may not exceed R5000 8) MUTUAL BANKS As with banks mutual banks accept deposits from the general public, provide payment services such as cheques and electronic transfers and make available credit such as overdrafts, home, term or asset-backed loans. There are only two mutual banks in SA V GBS Mutual bank in Grahamstown and VBS Mutual bank in Mthatha 8. MUTUAL BANKS DIFFER FROM BANKS A) Ownership * Mutual banks are not required to be a public company as a bank. * Banks are owned by shareholders and shares are traded on the JSE. * Shareholders in banks share in the profit through dividends. * Mutual banks are owned by their members. * Members of mutual banks receive returns on their investments B) Minimum capital requirement * Mutual banks require R10 million * Banks require R250 million C) Basel 11 * Mutual banks are still being regulated and supervised under the 1988 Basel capital Accord * Banks are regulated under the amended capital accord 26 June 2004 8. 2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Meet certain capital adequacy requirements * Maintain a minimum reserve balance of approximately 2,5 % * Hold liquid assets of not less than 5% of its liabilities to the public * Carry on its business subject to certain restrictions. May not be exposed to any individual person in excess of 10% of qualifying capital and reserves without board approval and in excess of 25% without approval of the Registrar of bank * Give detail monthly and quarterly returns showing various risk exposures 9. OTHER MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS Micro lenders make small amounts of credit available to low-income individuals. Loans are generally unsecured. Number of reasons why people do need loans. But in SA the micro lenders industry has a reputation for poor governance unsound credit risk management, exploitive and predatory lending practice All non-bank credit providers must register with the National Credit Regulator and comply with the National Credit Act accept if * Credit provider have fewer than 100 credit agreements * Credit provider has an outstanding loan book less than R500 000 9. 1 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT * A micro-insurance regulatory framework that strives to establish well supervised micro-insurers * Legislation to encourage greater completion in the retail banking sector * Deposit insurance to protect bank depositors in the event of a bank failure 10. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT A TYPICAL RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK of the MFI WOULD ADRESS THE FOLLOWING * Risk philosophy: The MFI belief, how do you do business * Risk appetite: This describes the amount of risk the MFI is willing to accept * Risk culture: This is the shared attitude, values, beliefs and practices how the MFI manage risk * Risk policies and principles: Principles that guide the MFI to provide a basis for consistent decision making and resource allocation * Risk management structure: This states the report line, roles, responsibilities and authority of the board * Staff and other resources: Competent and adequate staff with technical knowledge and experience How to cite CHAPTER 4 TERMINOLOGY, Essay examples